Predictors of Survival in Friedreich's Ataxia: A Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is a rare multisystemic disorder which can cause premature death. OBJECTIVES: To investigate predictors of survival in FA. METHODS: Within a prospective registry established by the European Friedreich's Ataxia Consortium for Translational Studies (EFACTS; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02069509) we enrolled genetically confirmed FA patients at 11 tertiary centers and followed them in yearly intervals. We investigated overall survival applying the Kaplan-Meier method, life tables, and log-rank test. We explored prognostic factors applying Cox proportional hazards regression and subsequently built a risk score which was assessed for discrimination and calibration performance. RESULTS: Between September 2010 and March 2017, we enrolled 631 FA patients. Median age at inclusion was 31 (range, 6-76) years. Until December 2022, 44 patients died and 119 terminated the study for other reasons. The 10-year cumulative survival rate was 87%. In a multivariable analysis, the disability stage (hazard ratio [HR] 1.51, 95% CI 1.08-2.12, P = 0.02), history of arrhythmic disorder (HR 2.93, 95% CI 1.34-6.39, P = 0.007), and diabetes mellitus (HR 2.31, 95% CI 1.05-5.10, P = 0.04) were independent predictors of survival. GAA repeat lengths did not improve the survival model. A risk score built on the previously described factors plus the presence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction at echocardiography enabled identification of four trajectories to prognosticate up to 10-year survival (log-rank test P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Arrhythmias, progressive neurological disability, and diabetes mellitus influence the overall survival in FA. We built a survival prognostic score which identifies patients meriting closer surveillance and who may benefit from early invasive cardiac monitoring and therapy. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Subjective behavioral measures in myopic and pre-myopic children before and after the COVID lockdown.

Background: There are environmental factors that may contribute to the onset of myopia. This study aims to evaluate the children's lifestyle changes before and after the COVID-19 lockdown and how they can influence their vision. Methods: The same questionnaire was administered to children aged between 5 and 7 in Spain every year in September before (2017-2019) and after the COVID-19 lockdown (2020-2021). All the children also passed a vision exam consisting of the measurement of visual acuity (VA) and determination of objective and subjective refraction. Children were classified as myopes, pre-myopes, or hyperopes. The cut-off points to define the refractive error were established according to the value of the spherical equivalent (SE): hyperopia (SE > +0,75D), myopia (SE ≤ -0,5D), or pre-myopia (-0.5D < SE ≥ +0.75D). Data analysis is performed with the SPSS 27.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois). Results: In the pre-COVID period, the pre-myopes were the ones who spent the longest time outdoors, and after the COVID lockdown, there were no differences between groups. There neither were any differences in the time spent doing near-work activities between the groups in both periods (p > 0.05). Regarding the spherical equivalent, in the pre-COVID period, the mean value was 0.75 ± 2.09D and after the COVID lockdown, it was 0.47 ± 1.88D (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Pre-myopes spent more time outdoors than myopes in the pre-COVID period, while myopes spent more time using digital devices. All these differences do not exist after the COVID lockdown, with a general increase in the time spent outdoors and a decrease in the use of digital devices. Further studies are needed to know if these lifestyle changes remain and how they influence the onset of myopia.

First report of Pectobacterium brasiliense causing banana soft rot in Ecuador.

Banana (Musa spp.) is the most economically important crop in Ecuador, with exports representing 35% of the agricultural GDP of the country. It covers 230,000 hectares, mostly concentrated in three coastal provinces, Guayas, Los Ríos, and El Oro. Between July and September 2022, disease symptomatic banana cv. Williams plants were observed in commercial plantations located in two parishes in the province of Guayas (Naranjito and Lorenzo de Garaicoa) and one parish in the province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas (La Concordia), with an incidence that ranged from 5% to 15%. Symptoms included soft rot of the pseudostem and rhizome decay, characterized by a fetid odor. Three symptomatic pseudostems from each location were collected, washed with running water to remove any debris, and dried with absorbent paper. From the lesion of each pseudostem, seven pieces of 2 cm² were taken, surface-sterilized, and macerated in 9 ml of sterile peptone water (0.1% w/v). The macerate was diluted three fold in sterile water, plated on nutrient agar, and incubated at 30°C for 24 h. Eight randomly picked colonies, with convex elevation and creamy white color, were isolated on nutrient agar. Each of the bacterial isolates was biochemically profiled by the Biolog system (Biolog Inc., USA) and identified as Pectobacterium. Three isolates, one from each parish (FP220416, FP220694, and FP220904), were selected for testing Koch's postulates and further identification. Sequences from fragments of the 16S, dnaA, gapA and gyrB genes were obtained from these isolates, following the protocols used by Dobhal et al. (2020) and Boluk et al. (2020), showing 98.1-99.0%, 98.2%, 99.7-99.8%, and 98.4-98.9% identitity, respectively, with sequences from the P. brasiliense type strain LMG_21371 (Acc. number JQOE00000000). The obtained sequences were deposited in GenBank with the following accession numbers: OR392417, OR371545,OR371546, OR727281, OR727282, and OR739074-OR739080. Using BEAST v.1.10.4 (Suchard et al.,2018), a bayesian multilocus phylogenetic tree was built with multiple sequence alignments of dnaA, gapA, ang gyrB from 22 P. brasiliense isolates and 2 P. aquaticum isolates used as outgroup. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the Ecuadorian isolates cluster with P. brasiliense BF20, isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica in México and are closely related with the type strain. Pathogenicity tests were conducted through syringe infiltration with 1 ml of 1 × 10^8 CFU ml-1 bacterial suspensions. Each of the three characterized isolates were inoculated into the pseudostems of five healthy 4-month-old banana plants of the Williams cultivar. Negative control plants were infiltrated with sterile distilled water. The plants were incubated at 25°C and 74% relative humidity. Black lesions started to appear 11 days after inoculation and 5 weeks after inoculation plants showed clear symptoms of soft rot of the pseudostem, including fetid odor associated with plant tissue decomposition. Control plants remained symptom-free. Bacteria were re-isolated only from symptomatic pseudostems and identified as P. brasiliense with specific primers Pb1F and Pb1R. Soft rot of banana caused by different enterobacteria including Dickeya zeae, Erwinia carotovora, and Erwinia chrysanthemi hasve been previously reported (Jingxin et al. 2022, Arun et al. 2012, Loganathan, et al. 2019). This is the first report of P. brasiliense causing soft rot of banana in Ecuador, the biggest exporter of the fruit in the world.

Factores de riesgo asociados a luxación en el paciente con fractura del cuello femoral: estudio de casos y controles / Risk factors associated to prosthetic hip dislocation in patients with femur neck fracture: a case-control study

Introducción La luxación tras una cirugía de artroplastia de cadera es una temible complicación que se ha presentado desde el desarrollo de la técnica. Se han realizado múltiples estudios comparativos que intentan aclarar cuáles son los factores que influyen en este suceso adverso. Métodos En nuestro caso hemos llevado a cabo un estudio retrospectivo analizando 476 pacientes, que han sido divididos en función de si habían sufrido un episodio de luxación o no y llevando a cabo un análisis estadístico de las posibles variables que podrían haber afectado en ello; diseñándose así un estudio de casos y controles. Resultados y conclusiones En nuestro estudio hemos obtenido que la enfermedad mental aumenta hasta 6 veces más el riesgo de sufrir un episodio de luxación tras someterse al paciente a una artroplastia de cadera por fractura (OR 6,429; IC 95% 1,568 - 26,361), al igual que el hecho de padecer una infección post-quirúrgica (OR 11,667; IC 95% 2,147 - 63,394). No obstante, sería adecuado realizar más estudios para su confirmación, al igual que el hecho de realizar estudios con un mayor tamaño muestral podrían apoyar o rebatir nuestros hallazgos. (AU)

Introduction Dislocation after a hip arthroplasty is a terrible complication that has been present since the technique was developed. Many studies have been developed in order to see which risk factors affect on this adverse effect. Methods We have made a retrospective study, analysing 476 patients. They have been divided in two groups, one if they have suffered from prosthetic hip dislocation and the other if they have not. After that, we did a stadistical analysys of posible risk factors, designing a case-control study. Results and conclusión In our study, we have found that mental illness increseases up to 6 times the risk of suffering a hip dislocation (OR 6,429; IC 95% 1,568 - 26,361). We also found relation with suffering from an acu-te infection (OR 11,667; IC 95% 2,147 - 63,394). However, more studies, or with a bigger popula-tion should be performed in order to make a statement. (AU)

Comparativa de corrección de la deformidad triplanar del Hallux Valgus mediante dos técnicas quirúrgicas. Análisis radiológico y funcional / A comparison of two surgical procedures for the triplanar correction of hallux valgus deformity. Functional and radiological evaluation

Objetivo Comparar los resultados radiológicos en el plano coronal y axial y los resultados funcionales en los pacientes intervenidos de Hallux Valgus mediante la artrodesis de Lapidus modificada y la osteotomía de Austin-Chevron. Material y método Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo entre enero de 2018 y enero de 2020 en el que se incluyeron pacientes intervenidos de Hallux Valgus mediante artrodesis de Lapidus modificada y la osteotomía de Austin-Chevron con al menos 1 año de seguimiento. Se analizaron variables radiológicas: Ángulo Intermetatarsiano, Ángulo de Hallux Valgus, Posición de sesamoideo medial pre y postquirúrgico. Los resultados funcionales fueron evaluados según la escala AOFAS. Resultados 78 pacientes fueron incluidos. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el valor del ángulo intermetatarsiano y la técnica quirúrgica utilizada (p=0,367). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el valor de ángulo de Hallux Valgus y la posición del sesamoideo medial según la técnica quirúrgica utilizada ( p=0,010 y p=0,000). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al valor de la escala AOFAS y la técnica quirúrgica utilizada (p=0,032) y el valor de la escala AOFAS y la posición del sesamoideo medial (p=0,035; R=-0,245). Conclusión La técnica de Lapidus modificada corrige la deformidad presente en el plano axial y coronal en la patología del Hallux Valgus, encontrando mejores resultados funcionales y radiológicos que en la técnica de Austin-Chevron convencional. (AU)

Objetive To compare radiographic outcomes in the cor-onal and axial planes and functional results in pa-tients who underwent hallux valgus surgery using modified Lapidus arthrodesis and Austin-Chevron osteotomy. Methods Retrospective cohort study conducted from 2018 to January 2020 with patients who underwent hallux valgus surgery using modified Lapidus arthrodesis and Austin-Chevron osteotomy with a minimum 1-year follow-up. The analysed radiographic variables were pre- and postoper-ative intermetatarsal angle, hallux valgus angle, and tibial sesamoid position. Functional outcomes were assessed using the AOFAS score. Results 78 patients were included. No statistically sig-nificant differences were found in the measurement of the intermetatarsal angle by surgical procedure (p=0.367). Statistically significant differences were found in the measurement of the hallux val-gus angle and tibial sesamoid position according to the surgical procedure (p=0.010 and p=0.000). Statistically significant differences were found for the AOFAS score by surgical procedure (p=0.032) and for the AOFAS score by tibial sesamoid position (p=0.035); R=-0.245). Conclusion The modified Lapidus procedure corrects the coronal and axial plane deformity in hallux valgus, resulting in better functional and radiographic outcomes than the conventional Austin-Chevron procedure. (AU)

Factores de riesgo asociados a luxación en el paciente con fractura del cuello femoral: estudio de casos y controles / Risk factors associated to prosthetic hip dislocation in patients with femur neck fracture: a case-control study

Introducción La luxación tras una cirugía de artroplastia de cadera es una temible complicación que se ha presentado desde el desarrollo de la técnica. Se han realizado múltiples estudios comparativos que intentan aclarar cuáles son los factores que influyen en este suceso adverso. Métodos En nuestro caso hemos llevado a cabo un estudio retrospectivo analizando 476 pacientes, que han sido divididos en función de si habían sufrido un episodio de luxación o no y llevando a cabo un análisis estadístico de las posibles variables que podrían haber afectado en ello; diseñándose así un estudio de casos y controles. Resultados y conclusiones En nuestro estudio hemos obtenido que la enfermedad mental aumenta hasta 6 veces más el riesgo de sufrir un episodio de luxación tras someterse al paciente a una artroplastia de cadera por fractura (OR 6,429; IC 95% 1,568 - 26,361), al igual que el hecho de padecer una infección post-quirúrgica (OR 11,667; IC 95% 2,147 - 63,394). No obstante, sería adecuado realizar más estudios para su confirmación, al igual que el hecho de realizar estudios con un mayor tamaño muestral podrían apoyar o rebatir nuestros hallazgos. (AU)

Introduction Dislocation after a hip arthroplasty is a terrible complication that has been present since the technique was developed. Many studies have been developed in order to see which risk factors affect on this adverse effect. Methods We have made a retrospective study, analysing 476 patients. They have been divided in two groups, one if they have suffered from prosthetic hip dislocation and the other if they have not. After that, we did a stadistical analysys of posible risk factors, designing a case-control study. Results and conclusión In our study, we have found that mental illness increseases up to 6 times the risk of suffering a hip dislocation (OR 6,429; IC 95% 1,568 - 26,361). We also found relation with suffering from an acu-te infection (OR 11,667; IC 95% 2,147 - 63,394). However, more studies, or with a bigger popula-tion should be performed in order to make a statement. (AU)

Comparativa de corrección de la deformidad triplanar del Hallux Valgus mediante dos técnicas quirúrgicas. Análisis radiológico y funcional / A comparison of two surgical procedures for the triplanar correction of hallux valgus deformity. Functional and radiological evaluation

Objetivo Comparar los resultados radiológicos en el plano coronal y axial y los resultados funcionales en los pacientes intervenidos de Hallux Valgus mediante la artrodesis de Lapidus modificada y la osteotomía de Austin-Chevron. Material y método Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo entre enero de 2018 y enero de 2020 en el que se incluyeron pacientes intervenidos de Hallux Valgus mediante artrodesis de Lapidus modificada y la osteotomía de Austin-Chevron con al menos 1 año de seguimiento. Se analizaron variables radiológicas: Ángulo Intermetatarsiano, Ángulo de Hallux Valgus, Posición de sesamoideo medial pre y postquirúrgico. Los resultados funcionales fueron evaluados según la escala AOFAS. Resultados 78 pacientes fueron incluidos. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el valor del ángulo intermetatarsiano y la técnica quirúrgica utilizada (p=0,367). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el valor de ángulo de Hallux Valgus y la posición del sesamoideo medial según la técnica quirúrgica utilizada ( p=0,010 y p=0,000). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al valor de la escala AOFAS y la técnica quirúrgica utilizada (p=0,032) y el valor de la escala AOFAS y la posición del sesamoideo medial (p=0,035; R=-0,245). Conclusión La técnica de Lapidus modificada corrige la deformidad presente en el plano axial y coronal en la patología del Hallux Valgus, encontrando mejores resultados funcionales y radiológicos que en la técnica de Austin-Chevron convencional. (AU)

Objetive To compare radiographic outcomes in the cor-onal and axial planes and functional results in pa-tients who underwent hallux valgus surgery using modified Lapidus arthrodesis and Austin-Chevron osteotomy. Methods Retrospective cohort study conducted from 2018 to January 2020 with patients who underwent hallux valgus surgery using modified Lapidus arthrodesis and Austin-Chevron osteotomy with a minimum 1-year follow-up. The analysed radiographic variables were pre- and postoper-ative intermetatarsal angle, hallux valgus angle, and tibial sesamoid position. Functional outcomes were assessed using the AOFAS score. Results 78 patients were included. No statistically sig-nificant differences were found in the measurement of the intermetatarsal angle by surgical procedure (p=0.367). Statistically significant differences were found in the measurement of the hallux val-gus angle and tibial sesamoid position according to the surgical procedure (p=0.010 and p=0.000). Statistically significant differences were found for the AOFAS score by surgical procedure (p=0.032) and for the AOFAS score by tibial sesamoid position (p=0.035); R=-0.245). Conclusion The modified Lapidus procedure corrects the coronal and axial plane deformity in hallux valgus, resulting in better functional and radiographic outcomes than the conventional Austin-Chevron procedure. (AU)

Force Identification Based on Response Signals Captured with High-Speed Three-Dimensional Digital Image Correlation.

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems allow three types of diagnostic tasks to be performed, namely damage identification, loads monitoring, and damage prognosis. Only if all three tasks are correctly fulfilled can the useful remaining life of a structure be estimated credibly. This paper deals with the second task and aimed to extend state-of-the-art in load identification, by demonstrating that it is feasible to achieve it through the analysis of response signals captured with high-speed three-dimensional Digital Image Correlation (HS 3D-DIC). The efficacy of the proposed procedure is demonstrated experimentally on a frame structure under broadband vibration excitation. Full-field vibration displacement signals are captured with the use of two high-speed cameras and processed with 3D-DIC. Loads are identified with two different algorithms based on inverting the Frequency Response Function (FRF) matrix and modal filtration (MF). The paper discusses both methods providing their theoretical background and experimental performance.

Radiación y medios de contraste en embarazo y lactancia: lo que el clínico necesita saber / Radiation and contrast media in pregnancy and lactation: what the clinician needs to know

Introducción: el uso de técnicas de imagenología es habitual e incluso indispensable en algunos procesos diagnósticos. Sin embargo, su indicación en mujeres embarazadas y en período de lactancia es controvertida. Objetivo: presentar una revisión narrativa sobre los riesgos asociados al uso de imágenes con radiación y medio de contraste en embarazo y periodo de lactancia, con énfasis en las recomendaciones y aplicaciones clínicas que el médico tratante debe tener presente al momento de su indicación. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura relevante sobre los riesgos y consideraciones especiales del uso de medios de contraste en el embarazo y lactancia. Resultados: los riesgos de la radiación ionizante sobre el feto varían de acuerdo al estadio del embarazo, por lo que la indicación del estudio debe ponderar los riesgos y beneficios. En las dosis clínicas en embarazo y lactancia, el uso de contraste yodado como basados en gadolinio no tienen efectos deletéreos en la salud de la madre ni la del feto. Sin embargo, las sociedades internacionales recomiendan limitar su uso. Conclusión: si bien la indicación de estudios de imagen que utilizan radiación ionizante en el embarazo y lactancia es seguro, el médico clínico debe conocer los posibles riesgos de la radiación ionizante en este grupo de pacientes. Respecto a los medios de contraste, el único efecto adverso reportado es la disfunción tiroidea transitoria en hijos de madres que recibieron medios de contraste yodado.

Introduction: the use of imaging techniques is essential in some diagnostic processes. However, its indication in pregnant and lac-tating women is controversial. Objective: To present a narrative review of the risks associated with using images with radiation and contrast media in pregnancy and lactation. Emphasis will be put on the recommendations and clinical applications that the physician must consider before its indication. Methods: a bibliographic review of the relevant literature on the risks and special considerations of contrast media in pregnancy and lactation was performed. Results: the risks of ionising radiation on the fetus vary according to the stage of pregnancy, so the indication of the study must balance the risks and benefits. The use of iodinated and gadolinium-based con-trast agents in clinical doses in pregnancy and lactation has no effects on the health of the mother or the fetus. However, international societies recommend limiting its use. Conclusion: Although the indication for imaging studies using ionising radiation in pregnancy and lactation is safe, the clinician must be aware of the possible risks of ionising radiation in this group of patients. The only adverse effect reported is transient thyroid dysfunction in children of mothers who received iodinated contrast media.

Prediction of the disease course in Friedreich ataxia.

We explored whether disease severity of Friedreich ataxia can be predicted using data from clinical examinations. From the database of the European Friedreich Ataxia Consortium for Translational Studies (EFACTS) data from up to five examinations of 602 patients with genetically confirmed FRDA was included. Clinical instruments and important symptoms of FRDA were identified as targets for prediction, while variables such as genetics, age of disease onset and first symptom of the disease were used as predictors. We used modelling techniques including generalised linear models, support-vector-machines and decision trees. The scale for rating and assessment of ataxia (SARA) and the activities of daily living (ADL) could be predicted with predictive errors quantified by root-mean-squared-errors (RMSE) of 6.49 and 5.83, respectively. Also, we were able to achieve reasonable performance for loss of ambulation (ROC-AUC score of 0.83). However, predictions for the SCA functional assessment (SCAFI) and presence of cardiological symptoms were difficult. In conclusion, we demonstrate that some clinical features of FRDA can be predicted with reasonable error; being a first step towards future clinical applications of predictive modelling. In contrast, targets where predictions were difficult raise the question whether there are yet unknown variables driving the clinical phenotype of FRDA.

Peruvian pre-Hispanic antiquities in the creation of a Chilean "prehistory:" the case of the Sáenz collection. / Antigüedades prehispánicas peruanas en la creación de una "prehistoria" chilena: el caso de la colección Sáenz.

In 1895, Nicolás Sáenz proposed to the Chilean government to purchase a collection of "Inca" objects brought from Lima. This acquisition was approved in 1897. Despite the difficulties caused by the War of the Pacific, the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (Chile) continued to acquire Peruvian antiquities, following a tradition of comparative studies of material culture. Within the framework of social evolutionism, these antiquities were a measure of civilization, a reference from which to evaluate the material culture of the pre-Hispanic peoples of Chile. This article analyzes the acquisition of the Sáenz collection as the culmination of a process of transition towards an archeology that focused on the new post-war territorial acquisitions in the Pacific.

En 1895, Nicolás Sáenz propuso al gobierno chileno la venta de una colección de objetos "incaicos" traídos desde Lima; adquisición aprobada en 1897. Pese a las dificultades ocasionadas por la Guerra del Pacífico, el Museo Nacional (Chile) continuó adquiriendo antigüedades peruanas, siguiendo una tradición de estudios comparados de cultura material. Dentro del marco del evolucionismo social, estas antigüedades servían como medida de civilización, con la cual contrastar la cultura material de los pueblos prehispánicos de Chile. Este artículo analiza la adquisición de la colección Sáenz, como un punto cúlmine de un proceso de tránsito hacia a una arqueología enfocada en las nuevas adquisiciones territoriales post guerra del Pacífico.

Antigüedades prehispánicas peruanas en la creación de una "prehistoria" chilena: el caso de la colección Sáenz / Peruvian pre-Hispanic antiquities in the creation of a Chilean "prehistory: " the case of the Sáenz collection

Resumen En 1895, Nicolás Sáenz propuso al gobierno chileno la venta de una colección de objetos "incaicos" traídos desde Lima; adquisición aprobada en 1897. Pese a las dificultades ocasionadas por la Guerra del Pacífico, el Museo Nacional (Chile) continuó adquiriendo antigüedades peruanas, siguiendo una tradición de estudios comparados de cultura material. Dentro del marco del evolucionismo social, estas antigüedades servían como medida de civilización, con la cual contrastar la cultura material de los pueblos prehispánicos de Chile. Este artículo analiza la adquisición de la colección Sáenz, como un punto cúlmine de un proceso de tránsito hacia a una arqueología enfocada en las nuevas adquisiciones territoriales post guerra del Pacífico.

Abstract In 1895, Nicolás Sáenz proposed to the Chilean government to purchase a collection of "Inca" objects brought from Lima. This acquisition was approved in 1897. Despite the difficulties caused by the War of the Pacific, the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (Chile) continued to acquire Peruvian antiquities, following a tradition of comparative studies of material culture. Within the framework of social evolutionism, these antiquities were a measure of civilization, a reference from which to evaluate the material culture of the pre-Hispanic peoples of Chile. This article analyzes the acquisition of the Sáenz collection as the culmination of a process of transition towards an archeology that focused on the new post-war territorial acquisitions in the Pacific.

Introducing the CYSAS-S3 Dataset for Operationalizing a Mission-Oriented Cyber Situational Awareness.

The digital transformation of the defence sector is not exempt from innovative requirements and challenges, with the lack of availability of reliable, unbiased and consistent data for training automatisms (machine learning algorithms, decision-making, what-if recreation of operational conditions, support the human understanding of the hybrid operational picture, personnel training/education, etc.) being one of the most relevant gaps. In the context of cyber defence, the state-of-the-art provides a plethora of data network collections that tend to lack presenting the information of all communication layers (physical to application). They are synthetically generated in scenarios far from the singularities of cyber defence operations. None of these data network collections took into consideration usage profiles and specific environments directly related to acquiring a cyber situational awareness, typically missing the relationship between incidents registered at the hardware/software level and their impact on the military mission assets and objectives, which consequently bypasses the entire chain of dependencies between strategic, operational, tactical and technical domains. In order to contribute to the mitigation of these gaps, this paper introduces CYSAS-S3, a novel dataset designed and created as a result of a joint research action that explores the principal needs for datasets by cyber defence centres, resulting in the generation of a collection of samples that correlate the impact of selected Advanced Persistent Threats (APT) with each phase of their cyber kill chain, regarding mission-level operations and goals.

Changes in the Choroidal Thickness of Children Wearing MiSight to Control Myopia.

Background: Due to the importance of choroidal thickness in the development of myopia, this study examined the effect of MiSight contact lenses (CLs) on the choroidal thickness of myopic children and the differences between responders and non-responders to the treatment with these CLs. Methods: A total of 41 myopic children were fitted with MiSight CLs and 33 with single-vision spectacles. They were followed up for two years. Subfoveal choroidal thickness and choroidal thickness 1 and 3 mm temporal and nasal to the fovea were measured by OCT at baseline and one and two years after the treatment. Differences in all the choroidal thickness parameters were assessed in each group over time. Patients from the MiSight group were classified based on a specific range of changes in axial length at the end of the second year of treatment as "responders" (AL change < 0.22 mm/per year) and "non-responders", and the choroidal thickness of both groups was analyzed. Results: The subfoveal choroidal thickness of the MiSight and single-vision spectacle groups did not show any changes over time. Wearing MiSight CLs induced relative choroidal thickening in the responder group in the first year of treatment. Conclusion: Choroidal thickness might work as a predictor of the effectiveness of MiSight in myopia treatment.

A 16th-century biodiversity and crop inventory.

Documenting and understanding long-term biodiversity change is limited by the availability of historical data, particularly from periods preceding major anthropogenic changes associated with the Industrial Revolution. We mined the information of a standardized historical survey developed in 628 localities across Spain between 1574 and 1582 (Relaciones Topográficas de Felipe II) with the goal of producing a general characterization of Spanish settlements, including, though not limited to, natural resources. From this survey, we were able to gather 7309 records for 75 wild plant taxa, 89 wild animal taxa, and 60 crop and domestic animal taxa. These data can be used to reconstruct historical land use and habitat cover, and model historical distributions of many species, including emblematic ones such as wolf and bear, which can establish reference distributions to assess range and niche expansion, contraction, and shifts. Data are provided under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications. The authors are open to collaborate in projects based on this dataset.

Implementación de la reforma curricular de la Escuela de Medicina de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile: analizando la experiencia / Implementation of curricular changes at a medical school

The accelerated scientific, technological, and social advances in recent years have posed new challenges for professional training institutions, where universities play a leading role. Medical schools have not been oblivious to this process. This is how Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile implemented in 2015 a curricular reform derived from the joint work of academics, students and graduates. For this purpose, a model consisting of stages was followed, including the identification of the problem, general assessment of needs, definition of purpose and learning objectives. We worked with surveys, focus groups and committees of academics and students to identify and map content within the mesh, review terminal learning objectives while creating and reviewing courses for the vertically and horizontally integrated delivery of content and competencies. The first cohort of the new curriculum entered in 2015, consisting of 126 students. The implementation required constant follow-up and monitoring, establishing changes and adjustments according to educational needs and unforeseen conditions such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The implementation process of the new curriculum has been positive, adjusting to the defined strategic planning and responding to unexpected events.